“用英语点亮人生”，新航道托福老师曹琳为大家提供托福阅读高分必备关系词（一），希望对各位考生有所帮助，更多专业信息欢迎咨询青岛新航道官网。

　　对于大多数托儿来说，最熟悉的定位词莫过于专有名词，年代词和最，其实，在托福阅读中，还有一类是词，也能助我们迅速锁定关键点，那就是关系词，或者称之为逻辑衔接词。想要托福阅读通关，请把下列关系词收入囊中。

　　(一)表因果

　　因果关系是托福阅读中最为重要也最常见的逻辑关系，因果关系词分为显性和隐性两大类。

　　显性：因

　　because, for, as, since, in that ,because of, on account of, due to, owing to,thanks to

　　显性：果 so, so that, therefore, thereby, as a result, hence, thus, consequently, accordingly

　　隐性：因—果 cause, reason, lead to, give rise to, result in, make, render , push, fuel, stimulate, spark, spur,contribute to

　　隐性：果—因 result from, derive from, originate from, stem from, be attributed/ascribed to

　　大家平时要多关注表示隐性因果概念的词，在阅读时保持敏感度，破解其中的因果关系。

　　E.g. (TPO23-2)

　　Importing the grain, which would have been expensive and time consuming for the Dutch to have produced themselves, kept the price of grain low and thus stimulated individual demand for other foodstuffs and consumer goods.

　　Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.(2)

　　○ Buying imported grain led to the Dutch demanding that other foodstuffs and consumer goods be imported.

　　○ Because the Dutch were able to import inexpensive grain, they had money available to create a demand for other food products and consumer goods.

　　.........

　　这道句子简化题，乍一看根本没有明显的因果关系，所以第二个选项会在时间被枪毙，而这道题的正确选项就是第二个选项，如果你对stimulate这个隐性的表因概念词足够敏感，也就不难理解为什么选项二会有because这种表示原因的句子了。

　　(二)表转折、对比

　　转折、对比 but, yet, however, nonetheless, nevertheless, on the other hand,while,whereas, unfortunately, contrarily, adversely, despite, in spite of, regardless of , by contrast, on contrary to, unlike, rather than

　　就像听力课堂中，如果professor说了类似but这样的词，我们要抓紧记笔记一样，阅读中出现了这样的对比转折词，也一定暗示新的内容，而此时必有考点，大家要对这些词提高警觉度，如果问题中的内容无法准确快速在原文定位到，可以尝试定位到转折词后的内容，看看是否能和问题匹配上。

　　(三)表序列、时间先后

　　序列、时间先后also,again,first,second,third,next,still,too,subsequently,finally, consequently,

　　previously,simultaneously concurrently, and so forth

　　在按时间先后记叙的历史题材文章中，大家要特别关注这些序列、时间先后词，在这些词汇的帮助下，我们能稳、准、狠地把握文章结构，有助于我们做最后的文章小结题。

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