★什么是概述(summary)?

　　★什么时候应该概述?

　　★概述的正确姿势

　　什么是概述(summary)?

　　 A condensed paraphrase that expresses only the principle points of the original.

　　所谓概述就是在转述原文时抛开原文的繁文缛节，只总结原文的主要思想。

　　什么时候应该概述?

　　如果童鞋们在分析原文时，转述原文比较长的篇幅，比如某一段或某几个段落时，就需要运用概述技巧，omit extra information，达到condense或者是simplify原文的目的。

　　概述的正确姿势

　　概述的技巧其实和转述的技巧没有什么两样，只不过summary是一种更加condensed paraphrase而已，也就是说概述要比转述更为简洁，概述后的文字长度一般为原文的25%。这里有三个小建议：

　　“Avoid examples, asides，analogies, and rhetorical strategies.

　　概述时尽量省略掉例子，旁白，类比等。

　　“Only quote and paraphrase words and phrases that you feel absolutely must to reproduce exactly the author’s full meaning.

　　只概述原文的主要大意。

　　“Your summary must fairly represent the author’s original ideas.

　　概述时，意思不能跑偏。

　　例子|summary

　　原文：

　　One of the most unforgettable and humbling experiences of our lives occurred on the coastal plain. We had hoped to see caribou during our trip, but to our amazement, we witnessed the migration of tens of thousands of caribou with their newborn calves. In a matter of a few minutes, the sweep of tundra before us became flooded with life, with the sounds of grunting animals and clicking hooves filling the air. The dramatic procession of the Porcupine caribou herd was a once-in-a-lifetime wildlife spectacle.

　　概述：

　　The author builds his assertion that humankind is insignificant in the face of such natural splendor. They are humbled to see something that they might never see again.

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