法律英语词汇

　　青岛新航道专注于青岛托福培训，提供口语培训、写作培训等帮助考生提高托福成绩，以下是青岛新航道学校为大家整理的法律英语词汇，希望对大家有所帮助。

　　美国法学院有二百多所，主要分为三个学位，LLM，JD，SJD，这三个学位都是学士后学位，也就是研究生学位，大部分美国院校都开设开设LLM学位，LLM课程的好处是时间短，见效快，适合国外有工作经验的法律工作者或本科是法学的应届毕业生去申请。JD是美国的本土传统三年制学位。而SJD是LLM或JD之后的研究型博士学位。既然是到国外进修法律，就一定要了解专业的法律英语词汇。

　　法律英语词汇：

　　一、 律师部分

　　案由 cause of action

　　包揽诉讼 monopolize lawsuits

　　被告 defendant(用于民事、行政案件); the accused (用于刑事案件)

　　被上诉人 appellee

　　被诉人 respondent; defendant

　　本案律师 councel pro hac vice

　　辩护律师 defense lawyer

　　辩护要点 point of defense

　　辩护意见 submission

　　财产租赁 property tenancy

　　裁定书 order; ruling; determination(指终审裁定)

　　裁决书 award(用于仲裁)

　　裁决书 verdict(用于陪审团)

　　采信的证据 admitted evidence; established evidence

　　草拟股权转让协议 drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests

　　查阅法条 source legal provisions

　　产权转让 conveyancing

　　出示的证据 exhibit

　　出庭 appear in court

　　传票 summons; subpoena

　　答辩状 answer; reply

　　代理词 representation

　　代理房地产买卖与转让 agency for sale and transfer of real estate

　　代理仲裁 agency for arbitration

　　代写文书 drafting of legal instruments

　　待决案件 pending case

　　当事人陈述 statement of the parties

　　第三人 third party

　　吊销执业证 revocation of lawyer license

　　调查笔录 investigative record

　　调查取证 investigation and gathering for evidence

　　调解 mediation

　　调解书 mediation

　　二审案件 case of trial of second instance

　　反诉状 counterclaim

　　房地产律师 real estate lawyer; real property lawyer

　　非合伙律师 associate lawyer

　　非诉讼业务 non-litigation practice

　　合伙人 senior partner

　　律师 senior lawyer

　　各类协议和合同 agreements and contracts

　　旁证 circumstantial evidence

　　实习律师 apprentice lawyer; lawyer in probation period

　　实习律师证 certificate of apprentice lawyer

　　视听证据 audio-visual reference material

　　适用法律 apply law to facts

　　受害人 victim

　　书证 documentary evidence

　　诉讼 litigation; action; lawsuit

　　诉讼当事人 litigation party; litigious party

　　诉讼业务 litigation practice

　　诉状 complaint; bill of complaint; statement of claim

　　推销法律服务 promote/market legal service

　　外国律师事务所 foreign law office

　　委托代理合同 authorized representation contract

　　委托代理人 agent ad litem; entrusted agent

　　委托授权书 power of attorney

　　物证 material evidence

　　嫌疑人 criminal suspect

　　项目融资 project financing

　　项目谈判 project negotiating

　　刑事案件 criminal case

　　刑事诉讼 criminal litigation

　　行政诉讼 administrative litigation

　　休庭 adjourn the court; recess

　　宣判 pronounce judgement; determination

　　宣誓书 affidavit

　　原告 plaintiff

　　证券律师 securities lawyer

　　证人证言 testimony of witness; affidavit

　　执行笔录 execution record

　　执业登记 registration for practice

　　执业范围 scope of practice; sphere of practice; practice area

　　执业申请 practice application

　　执业证年检 annual inspection of lawyer license

　　仲裁 arbitration

　　仲裁案件 arbitration case

　　仲裁机构 arbitration agency

　　专门律师 specialized lawyer

　　专职律师 professional lawyer; full-time lawyer

　　撰写法律文章 write legal thesis

　　资信调查 credit standing investigation

　　自诉案件 private prosecuting case

　　二、 诉讼法律

　　案件 case

　　案件发回 remand/rimit a case (to a low court)

　　案件名称 title of a case

　　案卷材料 materials in the case

　　案情陈述书 statement of case

　　案外人 person other than involved in the case

　　案值 total value involved in the case

　　败诉方 losing party

　　办案人员 personnel handling a case

　　保全措施申请书 application for protective measures

　　报案 report a case (to security authorities)

　　被告 defendant; the accused

　　被告人最后陈述 final statement of the accused

　　被告向原告第二次答辩 rejoinder

　　被害人 victim

　　被害人的诉讼代理人 victim's agent ad litem

　　被上诉人 respondent; the appellee

　　被申请人 respondent

　　被申请执行人 party against whom execution is filed

　　被执行人 person subject to enforcement

　　本诉 principal action

　　必要共同诉讼人 party in necessary co-litigation

　　变通管辖 jurisdiction by accord

　　辩护 defense

　　辩护律师 defense attorney/lawyer

　　辩护人 defender

　　辩护证据 exculpatory evidence; defense evidence

　　辩论阶段 stage of court debate

　　驳回反诉 dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim

　　驳回请求 deny/dismiss a motion

　　驳回上诉、维持原判 reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgement/ruling

　　驳回诉讼 dismiss an action/suit

　　驳回通知书 notice of dismissal

　　驳回自诉 dismiss/reject a private prosecution

　　驳回自诉裁定书 ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case

　　补充答辩 supplementary answer

　　补充判决 supplementary judgement

　　补充侦查 supplementary investigation

　　不公开审理 trial in camera

　　不立案决定书 written decision of no case-filing

　　不批准逮捕决定书 written decision of disapproving an arrest

　　不起诉 nol pros

　　不予受理起诉通知书 notice of dismissal of accusation by the court

　　财产保全申请书 application for attachment; application for property preservation

　　裁定 order; determination (指最终裁定)

　　裁定管辖 jurisdiction by order

　　裁定书 order; ruling

　　裁决书 award

　　采信的证据 admitted evidence

　　查封 seal up

　　撤回上诉 withdraw appeal

　　撤诉 withdraw a lawsuit

　　撤销立案 revoke a case placed on file

　　撤销原判，发回重审 rescind the original judgement and remand the case ro the original court for retrial

　　出示的证据 exhibit

　　除权判决 invalidating judgement (for negotiable instruments)

　　传唤 summon; call

　　传闻证据 hearsay

　　答辩 answer; reply

　　答辩陈述书 statement of defence

　　答辩状 answer; reply

　　大法官 associate justices; justice

　　大检察官 deputy chief procurator

　　代理控告 agency for accusation

　　代理申诉 agency for appeal

　　代理审判员 acting judge

　　代为申请取保候审 agency for application of the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving

　　弹劾式诉讼 accusatory procedure

　　当事人陈述 statement of the parties

　　当庭宣判 pronouncement of judgement or sentence in court

　　地区管辖 territorial jurisdiction

　　地区检察分院 inter-mediate People's Procuratorate

　　第三人 third party

　　调查笔录 record of investigation

　　定期宣判 pronouncement of judgement or sentence later on a fixed date

　　定罪证据 incriminating evidence; inculpatory evidence

　　冻结 freeze

　　督促程序 procedure of supervision and urge

　　独任庭 sole-judge bench

　　独任仲裁员 sole arbitrator

　　对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施 compulsory measures against impairment of civil action

　　对席判决 judgement inter parties

　　二审 trial of second instance

　　二审案件 case of trial of second insurance

　　罚款 impose a fine

　　法定证据 statutory legal evidence

　　法定证据制度 system of legal evidence

　　法官 judges

　　法警 bailiff; court police

　　法律文书 legal instruments/papers

　　法律援助 legal aid

　　法律咨询 legal consulting

　　法庭辩论 court debate

　　法庭调查 court investigation

　　法庭审理笔录 court record

　　法庭审理方式 mode of court trial

　　法庭庭长 chief judge of a tribunal

　　法院 court

　　法院公告 court announcement

　　反诉 counterclaim

　　反诉答辩状 answer with counterclaim

　　反诉状 counterclaim

　　犯罪嫌疑人 criminal suspect

　　附带民事诉讼案件 a collateral civil action

　　附带民事诉讼被告 defendant of collateral civil action

　　复查 reexamination; recheck

　　复验 reinspect

　　法官 senior judge

　　检察官 senior procurator

　　人民法院 Higher People's Court

　　告诉案件 case of complaint

　　告诉才处理的案件 case accepted at complaint

　　告诉申诉庭 complaint and petition division

　　工读学校 work-study school for delinquent children

　　公安部 Ministry of Public Security

　　公安分局 public security sub-bureau

　　公安厅 public security bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government

　　公开审理 trial in public

　　公开审判制度 open trial system

　　公示催告程序 procedure of public summons for exhortation

　　公诉案件 public-prosecuting case

　　公诉词 statement of public prosecution

　　公证机关 public notary office

　　共同管辖 concurrent jurisdiction

　　管辖 jurisdiction

　　国际司法协助 international judicial assistance

　　海事法院 maritime court

　　合议庭 collegial panel

　　合议庭评议笔录 record of deliberating by the collegiate bench

　　和解 composition; compromise

　　核对诉讼当事人身份 check identity of litigious parties

　　恢复执行 resumption of execution

　　回避 withdrawal

　　混合式诉讼 mixed action

　　基层人民法院 basic People's Court

　　羁押期限 term in custody

　　级别管辖 subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels

　　监视居住 living at home under surveillance

　　监狱 prison

　　检察官 procurator

　　检察权 prosecutorial power

　　检察委员会 procuratorial/prosecutorial committee

　　检察院 procuratorate

　　检察院派出机构 outpost tribunal of procuratorate

　　简易程序 summary procedure

　　鉴定结论 expert conclusion

　　经济审判庭 economic tribunal

　　径行判决 direct adjudication without sessions; judgement without notice

　　纠问式诉讼 inquisitional proceedings

　　拘传 summon by force; summon by warrant

　　拘留所 detention house

　　举报 information/report of an offence

　　举证责任 burden of proof; onus probandi

　　决定书 decision

　　军事法院 military procuratorate

　　开庭审理 open a court session

　　开庭通知 notice of court session

　　勘验笔录 record of inquest

　　看守所 detention house

　　可执行财产 executable property

　　控告式诉讼 accusatory proceedings

　　控诉证据 incriminating evidence

　　控诉职能 accusation function

　　扣押 distrain on; attachment

　　扣押物 distress/distraint

　　宽限期 period of grace

　　劳动争议仲裁申请书 petition for labor dispute arbitration

　　劳改场 reform-through-labor farm

　　劳教所 reeducation-through-labor office

　　类推判决的核准程序 procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence

　　累积证据 cumulative evidence

　　立案报告 place a case on file

　　立案管辖 functional jurisdiction

　　立案决定书 written decision of case-filing

　　立案侦查 report of placing a case on file

　　利害关系人 interested party

　　临时裁决书 interim award

　　律师见证书 lawyer's written attestation; lawyer's written authentication

　　律师事务所 law office; law firm

　　律师提前介入 prior intervention by lawyer

　　免于刑事处分 exemption from criminal penalty

　　民事案件 civil case

　　民事审判庭 civil tribunal

　　民事诉讼 civil action

　　民事诉讼法 Civil Procedural Law

　　扭送 seize and deliver a suspect to the police

　　派出法庭 detached tribunal

　　派出所 police station

　　判决 judgement; determination

　　判决书 judgement; determination; verdict (指陪审团作出的)

　　旁证 circumstantial evidence

　　陪审员 juror

　　批准逮捕 approval of arrest

　　破案 clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case

　　破产 bankruptcy; insolvency

　　普通程序 general/ordinary procedure

　　普通管辖 general jurisdiction

　　企业法人破产还债程序 procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation

　　起诉 filing of a lawsuit

　　起诉 sue; litigate; prosecute; institution of proceedings

　　起诉状 indictment; information

　　区县检察院 grassroots People's Procuratorate

　　取保候审 the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving

　　缺席判决 default judgement

　　人民调解委员会 People's Mediation Committee

　　认定财产无主案件 cases concerning determination of property as qwnerless

　　认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity

　　上诉 appeal

　　上诉人 appellant

　　上诉状 petition for appeal

　　少管所 juvenile prison

　　社会治安综合治理 comprehensive treatment of social security

　　涉外案件 cases involving foreign interests

　　涉外民事诉讼 foreign civil proceedings

　　涉外刑事诉讼 foreign criminal proceedings

　　申请人 applicant; petitioner

　　申请书 petition; application for arbitration

　　申请执行人 execution applicant

　　申诉人宣誓书 claimant's affidavit of authenticity

　　申诉书 appeal for revision; petition for revision

　　神示证据制度 system of divinity evidence

　　神示制度 ordeal system

　　审查案件 case review

　　审查并决定逮捕 examine and decide arrest

　　审查起诉阶段 stage of review and prosecution

　　审理通知书 notice of hearing

　　审判长 presiding judge

　　审判长宣布开庭 presiding judge announce court in session

　　审判管辖 adjudgement/trial jurisdiction

　　审判监督程序 procedure for trial supervision

　　审判委员会 judicial committee

　　审判员 judge

　　审问式诉讼 inquisitional proceedings

　　生效判决裁定 legally effective judgement/order

　　胜诉方 winning party

　　省市自治区检察院 higher People's Procuratorate

　　失踪和死亡宣告 declaration of disappearance and death

　　实(质)体证据 substantial evidence

　　实物证据 tangible evidence

　　实在证据 real evidence

　　示意证据 demonstrative evidence

　　视听证据 audio-visual evidence

　　收容所 collecting post; safe retreat

　　首席大法官 chief justice

　　首席检察官 chief procurator

　　受害人的近亲属 victim's immediate family

　　受理 acceptance

　　受理刑事案件审批表 registration form of acceptance of criminal case

　　受送达人 the addressee

　　书记员 court clerk

　　书记员宣读法庭纪律 court clerk reads court rules

　　书证 documentary evidence

　　司法部 Ministry of Justice

　　司法机关 judicial organizatons

　　司法警察 judicial police

　　司法局 judicial bureau

　　司法厅 judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government

　　司法协助 judicial assistance

　　死缓的复核 judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve

　　死刑复核程序 procedure for judicial review of death sentence

　　死刑复核权 competence for judicial review of death sentence

　　送达 service of process

　　送达传票 service of summons/subpoena

　　送达诉状 service of bill of complaint

　　搜查 search

　　诉 sue; suit; action; lawsuit

　　诉前财产保全 property attachment prior to lawsuit

　　诉讼 litigation; lawsuit; sue; action

　　诉讼保全 attachment

　　诉讼参加人 litigious participants

　　诉讼代理人 agent ad litem

　　诉状 complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim

　　特别程序 special procedures

　　提起公诉 institute a public prosecution

　　铁路法院 railway court

　　铁路检察院 railroad transport procuratorate

　　庭审程序 procedure of court trial

　　通缉 wanted for arrest

　　投案 appearance

　　退回补充侦查 return of a case for supplementary investigation

　　委托辩护 entrusted defense

　　未成年人法庭 juvenile court

　　无行政职务的法官 associate judge

　　无正当理由拒不到庭 refuse to appear in court without due cause

　　无罪判决 acquittal, finding of " not guilty "

　　物证 material evidence

　　先予执行申请书 application for advanced execution

　　先予执行 advanced execution

　　刑事案件 criminal case

　　刑事拘留 criminal detention

　　刑事强制拘留 criminal coercive/compulsory measures

　　刑事审判庭 criminal tribunal

　　刑事诉讼 criminal proceedings

　　刑事诉讼法 Criminal Procedural Law

　　刑事自诉状 self-incriminating criminal complaint

　　行政案件 administrative case

　　行政审判庭 administrative tribunal

　　行政诉讼 administrative proceedings

　　行政诉讼法 Administrative Procedural Law

　　宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件 cases concerning the declaration of disappearance and death

　　宣判笔录 record of rendition of judgement

　　选民资格案件 cases concerning qualifications of voters

　　询问证人 inquire/question a witness

　　训诫 reprimand

　　讯问笔录 record of interrogation

　　询问犯罪嫌疑人 interrogate criminal suspect

　　言词证据 verbal evidence

　　要求传唤证人申请书 application for subpoena

　　一裁终局 arbitration award shall be final and binding

　　一审 trial of first instance

　　一审案件 case of trial of first instance

　　应诉通知书 notice of respondence to action

　　有罪判决 sentence; finding of "guilty"

　　予审 preliminary examinantion; pretrial

　　原告 plaintiff

　　院长 court president

　　阅卷笔录 record of file review (by lawyers)

　　再审案件 case of retrial

　　再审申请书 petition for retrial

　　责令具结悔过 order to sign a statement of repentance

　　债权人会议 creditors' meeting

　　侦查阶段 investigation stage

　　侦查终结 conclusion of investigation

　　征询原、被告最后意见 consulting final opinion of the plaintiff and defendant

　　证据 evidence

　　证据保全 preserve evidence

　　证据保全申请书 application for evidence preservation

　　证人证言 testimony of witness; affidavit

　　支付令 payment order/warrant

　　知识产权庭 intellectual property tribunal

　　执行程序 procedure execution

　　执行逮捕 execution of arrest

　　执行和解 conciliation of execution

　　执行回转 recovery of execution

　　执行庭 executive tribunal

　　执行异议 objection to execution

　　执行员 executor

　　执行中止 discontinuance of execution

　　执行终结 conclusion of execution

　　指定辩护 appointed defense

　　指定仲裁员声明 statement of appointing arbitrator

　　中级人民法院 intermediate People's Court

　　中途退庭 retreat during court session without permission

　　仲裁 arbitration

　　仲裁被诉人 respondent; defendant

　　仲裁裁决 award

　　仲裁申请书 arbitration

　　仲裁申诉人 claimant; plaintiff

　　仲裁庭 arbitration tribunal

　　仲裁委员会 arbitration committee

　　仲裁协议 arbitration agreement; clauses of arbitration

　　仲裁员 arbitrator

　　主诉检察官 principal procurator

　　助理检察官 assistant procurator

　　助理审判员 assistant judge

　　专门法院 special court

　　专门管辖 specific jurisdiction

　　专属管辖 exclusive jurisdiction

　　追究刑事责任 investigate for criminal responsibility

　　自首 confession to justice

　　自诉案件 private-prosecuting case

　　自行辩护 self-defense

　　自由心证制度 doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence

　　自侦案件 self-investigating case

　　人民法院 the Supreme People's Court

　　人民检察院 the Supreme People's Procuratorate

　　最后裁决书 final award

　　三、 民事法律

　　法律渊源 source of law

　　制定法 statute

　　判例法 case law; precedent

　　普通法 common law

　　特别法 special law

　　固有法 native law; indigenous law

　　继受法 adopted law

　　实体法 substantial law

　　程序法 procedural law

　　原则法 fundamental law

　　例外法 exception law

　　司法解释 judicial interpretation

　　习惯法 customary law

　　公序良俗 public order and moral

　　自然法 natural law

　　罗马法 Roman Law

　　私法 private law

　　公法 public law

　　市民法 jus civile

　　万民法 jus gentium

　　民法法系 civil law system

　　英美法系 system of Anglo-American law

　　大陆法系 civil law system

　　普通法 common law

　　大陆法 continental law

　　罗马法系 Roman law system

　　英吉利法 English law

　　衡平法 equity; law of equity

　　日尔曼法 Germantic law

　　教会法 ecclesiastical law

　　寺院法 canon law

　　伊斯兰法 Islamic law

　　民法法律规范 norm of civil law

　　授权规范 authorization norm

　　禁止规范 forbidding norm

　　义务性规范 obligatory norm

　　命令性规范 commanding norm

　　民法基本原则 fundamental principles of civil law

　　平等原则 principle of equality

　　自愿原则 principle of free will

　　公平原则 principle of justice

　　等价有偿原则 principle of equal value exchange

　　诚实信用原则 principle of good faith

　　行为 act

　　作为 act

　　不作为 omission

　　合法行为 lawful act

　　违法行为 unlawful act

　　民事权利权利能力 civil right

　　权 absolute right

　　相对权 relative right

　　优先权 right of priority

　　先买权 preemption

　　原权 antecedent right

　　救济权 right of relief

　　支配权 right of dominion

　　请求权 right of claim

　　物上请求权 right of claim for real thing

　　形成权 right of formation

　　撤销权 right of claiming cancellation

　　否认权 right of claiming cancellation

　　解除权 right of renouncement

　　代位权 subrogated right

　　选择权 right of choice

　　承认权 right of admission

　　终止权 right of termination

　　抗辩权 right of defense

　　一时性抗辩权 momentary right of defense

　　性抗辩权 permanent counter-argument right

　　不安抗辩权 unstable counter-argument right

　　同时履行抗辩权 defense right of simultaneous performance

　　既得权 tested right

　　期待权 expectant right

　　专属权 exclusive right

　　非专属权 non-exclusive right

　　人身权利 personal right

　　人权 human right

　　人格权 right of personality

　　生命健康权 right of life and health

　　姓名权 right of name

　　名称权 right of name

　　肖像权 right of portraiture

　　自由权 right of freedom

　　名誉权 right reputation

　　隐私权 right of privacy

　　私生活秘密权 right of privacy

　　贞操权 virginity right

　　身份权 right of status

　　亲权 parental power; parental right

　　亲属权 right of relative

　　探视权 visitation right

　　配偶权 right of spouse

　　荣誉权 right of honor

　　权利的保护 protection of right

　　公力救济 public protection

　　私力救济 self-protection

　　权利本位 standard of right

　　社会本位 standard of society

　　无责任行为 irresponsible right

　　正当防卫 justifiable right; ligitimate defence

　　防卫行为 act of defence

　　自为行为 self-conducting act

　　紧急避险 act of rescue; necessity

　　自助行为 act of self-help

　　不可抗力 force majeure

　　意外事件 accident

　　行为能力 capacity for act

　　意思能力 capacity of will

　　民事行为 civil act

　　意思表示 declaration of intention

　　意思表示一致 meeting of minds; consensus

　　完全行为能力 perfect capacity for act

　　限制行为能力 restrictive capacity for act

　　准禁治产人 quasi-interdicted person

　　保佐 protection

　　自治产人 minor who is capable of administering his own capacity

　　无行为能力 incapacity for act

　　禁治产人 interdicted person

　　自然人 natural person

　　公民 citizen

　　住所 domicile

　　居所 residence

　　经常居住地 frequently dwelling place

　　户籍 census register

　　监护 guardianship

　　个体工商户 individual business

　　农村承包经营户 leaseholding rural household

　　合伙 partnership

　　合伙人 partner

　　合伙协议 partnership agreement

　　合伙财产 property of partnership

　　合伙债务 debt of partnership

　　入伙 join partnership

　　退伙 withdrawal from partnership

　　合伙企业 partnership business establishment

　　个人合伙 partnership

　　法人合伙 partnership of legal person

　　特别合伙 special partnership

　　普通合伙 general partnership

　　有限合伙 limited partnership

　　民事合伙 civil partnership

　　隐名合伙 sleeping partnership; dormant partnership

　　私营企业 private enterprise; proprietorship

　　法人 legal person

　　企业法人 legal body of enterprise

　　企业集团 group of enterprise

　　关联企业 affiliate enterprise

　　个人独资企业 individual business establishment

　　国有独资企业 solely state-owned enterprise

　　中外合资企业 Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise

　　中外合作企业 Sino-foreign contractual enterprise

　　社团法人 legal body of mass organization

　　财团法人 legal body of financial group

　　联营 joint venture

　　法人型联营 association of legal persons

　　合伙型联营 coordinated management in partnership

　　协作型联营 cooperation-type coordinated management

　　合作社 cooperative

　　民事法律行为 civil legal act

　　单方民事法律行为 unilateral civil legal act

　　双方民事法律行为 bilateral civil legal act

　　多方民事法律行为 joint act civil legal act

　　有偿民事法律行为 civil legal act with consideration

　　无偿民事法律行为 civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award

　　实践性民事法律行为 practical civil legal act

　　诺成性民事法律行为 consental civil legal act

　　要式民事法律行为 formal civil legal act

　　不要式民事法律行为 informal civil legal act

　　要因民事法律行为 causative civil legal act

　　不要因民事法律行为 noncausative civil legal act

　　主民事法律行为 principal civil legal act

　　从民事法律行为 accessory civil legal act

　　附条件民事法律行为 conditional civil legal act

　　附期限民事法律行为 civil legal act with term

　　生前民事法律行为 civil legal act before death

　　死后民事法律行为 civil legal act after death

　　准民事法律行为 quasi-civil legal act

　　无效行为 ineffective act

　　可撤销民事行为 revocable civil act

　　违法行为 illegal act; unlawful act

　　侵权行为 tort

　　欺诈 fraud

　　胁迫 duress

　　乘人之危 taking advantage of others' precarious position

　　以合法形式掩盖非法目的 legal form concealing illegal intention

　　恶意串通 malicious collaboration

　　重大误解 gross misunderstanding

　　显失公平 obvious unjust

　　误传 misrepresentation

　　代理 agency

　　本人 principal

　　被代理人 principal

　　受托人 trustee

　　代理人 agent

　　本代理人 original agent

　　法定代理人 statutory agent; legal agent

　　委托代理人 agent by mandate

　　指定代理人 designated agent

　　复代理人 subagent

　　再代理人 subagent

　　转代理人 subagent

　　代理权 right of agency

　　授权行为 act of authorization

　　授权委托书 power of attorney

　　代理行为 act of agency

　　委托代理 agency by mandate

　　本代理 original agency

　　复代理 subagency

　　次代理 subagency

　　有权代理 authorized agency

　　表见代理 agency by estoppel; apparent agency

　　律师代理 agency by lawyer

　　普通代理 general agency

　　全权代理 general agency

　　全权代理委托书 general power of attorney

　　共同代理 joint agency

　　代理 sole agency

　　居间 brokerage

　　居间人 broker

　　行纪 commission; broker house

　　信托 trust

　　时效 time limit; prescription; limitation

　　时效中止 suspension of prescription/limitation

　　时效中断 interruption of limitation/prescription

　　时效延长 extension of limitation

　　取得时效 acquisitive prescription

　　时效终止 lapse of time; termination of prescription

　　期日 date

　　期间 term

　　涉外民事关系 civil relations with foreign elements

　　冲突规范 rule of conflict

　　准据法 applicable law; governing law

　　反致 renvoi; remission

　　转致 transmission

　　识别 identification

　　公共秩序保留 reserve of public order

　　法律规避 evasion of law

　　国籍 nationality

　　国有化 nationalization

　　法律责任 legal liability

　　民事责任 civil liability/responsibility

　　行政责任 administrative liability/responsibility

　　刑事责任 criminal liability/responsibility

　　违约责任 liability of breach of contract; responsibility of default

　　有限责任 limited liability

　　无限责任 unlimited liability

　　按份责任 shared/several liability

　　连带责任 joint and several liability

　　过失责任 liability for negligence; negligent liability

　　过错责任 fault liability; liability for fault

　　单独过错 sole fault

　　共同过错 joint fault

　　混合过错 mixed fault

　　被害人过错 victim's fault

　　第三人过错 third party's fault

　　推定过错 presumptive fault

　　恶意 bad faith; malice

　　故意 deliberate intention; intention; willfulness

　　过失 negligence

　　重大过失 gross negligence

　　疏忽大意的过失 careless and inadvertent negligence

　　过于自信的过失 negligence with undue assumption

　　损害事实 facts of damage

　　有形损失 tangible damage/loss

　　无形损失 intangible damage/loss

　　财产损失 property damage/loss

　　人身损失 personal damage/loss

　　精神损失 spiritual damage/loss

　　民事责任承担方式 methods of bearing civil liability

　　停止侵害 cease the infringing act

　　排除妨碍 exclusion of hindrance; removal of obstacle

　　消除危险 elimination of danger

　　返还财产 restitution of property

　　恢复原状 restitution; restitution of original state

　　赔偿损失 compensate for a loss; indemnify for a loss

　　支付违约金 payment of liquidated damage

　　消除影响 eliminate ill effects

　　恢复名誉 rehabilitate one's reputation

　　赔礼道歉 extend a formal apology

　　物权 jus ad rem; right in rem; real right

　　物权制度 real right system; right in rem system

　　一物一权原则 the principal of One thing, One Right

　　物权法定主义 principal of legality of right in rem

　　物权公示原则 principal of public summons of right in rem

　　物权法 jus rerem

　　物 property

　　生产资料 raw material for production

　　生活资料 means of livelihood; means of subsistence

　　流通物 res in commercium; a thing in commerce

　　限制流通物 limited merchantable thing

　　禁止流通物 res extra commercium; a thing out of commerce

　　资产 asset

　　固定资产 fixed asset

　　流动资产 current asset; floating asset

　　动产 movables; chattel

　　不动产 immovable; real estate

　　特定物 res certae; a certain thing

　　种类物 genus; indefinite thing

　　可分物 res divisibiles; divisible things

　　不可分物 res indivisibiles; indivisible things

　　主物 res capitalis; a principal thing

　　从物 res accessoria; an accessory thing

　　原物 original thing

　　孳息 fruits

　　天然孳息 natural fruits

　　法定孳息 legal fruits

　　无主物 bona vacatia; vacant goods; ownerless goods

　　遗失物 lost property

　　漂流物 drifting object

　　埋藏物 fortuna; hidden property

　　货币 currency

　　证券 securities

　　债券 bond

　　物权分类 classification of right in rem/real right

　　自物权 jus in re propria; right of full ownership

　　所有权 dominium; ownership; title

　　所有权凭证 document of title; title of ownership

　　占有权 dominium utile; equitable ownership

　　使用权 right of use; right to use of

　　收益权 right to earnings; right to yields

　　处分权 right of disposing; jus dispodendi

　　善意占有 possession in good faith

　　恶意占有 malicious possession

　　按份共有 several possession

　　共同共有 joint possession

　　他物权 jus in re aliena

　　用益物权 real right for usufruct

　　使用权 right to use; right of use

　　土地使用权 right to the use of land

　　林权 forest ownership

　　采矿权 mining ownership

　　经营权 managerial authority; power of management

　　承包经营权 right to contracted management

　　相邻权 neighboring right; relatedright

　　地上权 superficies

　　永佃权 jus emphyteuticum; right to landed estate granted in perpetuity through a contract

　　地役权 servitude; easement

　　人役权 servitus personarum; personal servitude

　　担保物权 real right for security

　　物的担保 security for thing

　　物的瑕疵担保 warranty against defect of a thing

　　抵押权 hypotheca; hypothecation; right to mortgage

　　抵押权的设定 creation of right to mortgage

　　抵押人 mortgagor

　　抵押权人 mortgagee

　　抵押标的物 collateral; estate under mortgage

　　抵押权的效力 deffect of right to mortgage

　　抵押权的次序 sequence of right to mortgage

　　抵押权的抛弃 abandonment of right to mortgage

　　抵押权的让与 alienation of right to mortgage

　　抵押权的实现 materialization of right to mortgage

　　抵押权的消灭 extinction of right to

　　mortgageregistration of estate under mortgage

　　抵押物登记 registration of estate under mortgage

　　抵押优先权 priority of mortgage

　　留置权 lien

　　一般留置权 general lien

　　特别留置权 special lien

　　质权 hypotheque; pledge; right of pledge

　　佃权 tenant right

　　债权 jus in personam; right to give or procure; claim; creditor's right

　　债权人 creditor

　　债务人 debtor

　　相对人 counterpart; offeree

　　给付 give; pay

　　债务 debt; liability; obligation

　　债务的偿还 payment of debt

　　债务的偿清 discharge of debt

　　债务的担保 guarantee of debt

　　债务的合并 consolidation of debt

　　债务的给付日期 debt maturity

　　债务的免除 exemption of debt

　　债的分类 obligatio; obligation

　　法定之债 legal obligation

　　任意之债 voluntary obligation

　　简单之债 simple obligation

　　选择之债 alternative obligation

　　主债 prime/principal obligation

　　从债 accessory obligation

　　单一之债 single obligation

　　按份之债 several obligation

　　连带之债 joint obligation

　　特定之债 certain obligation

　　种类之债 indefinite obligation

　　合同之债 contractual obligation

　　侵权行为之债 tort obligation

　　损害赔偿之债 obligation of compensation for injury; obligation of damages

　　人身损害 damage to person

　　精神损害 moral/mental/spiritual damage

　　医药费 hospital treatment expense

　　医疗费 medical charge

　　抚恤金 pension

　　慰问金 consolation money

　　产品瑕疵 defect of product

　　不当得利 unjust enrichment

　　无因管理 voluntary service

　　债的担保 guarantee of obligation

　　财产担保 property guarantee

　　信用担保 credit guarantee

　　让与担保 alienation guarantee

　　保证 guaranty

　　明示保证 express guaranty

　　默示保证 implied guaranty

　　保证人 guarantor

　　保证合同 contract of guaranty/suretyship

　　保证金 guaranty bond; security deposit

　　押金 deposit; foregift

　　预付款 advanced payment

　　定金 earnest money; deposit

　　违约金 liquidated damages

　　法定违约金 liquidated damages by law

　　约定违约金 liquidated damages by agreement

　　债的履行 performance of obligation

　　实际履行原则 doctrine of specific performance

　　情事变更原则 doctrine of change of circumstances

　　不当履行 misfeasance

　　清偿 discharge; satisfaction

　　提存 debtor's submission of the subject matter of obligation to competent authority

　　抵销 setoff

　　知识产权 intellectual property

　　知识产权国际保护 international protection of intellectual property

　　国民待遇原则 doctrine of national treatment

　　优先权原则 a right of priority doctrine

　　自动保护原则 doctrine of automatic protection

　　特许权使用费 royalties

　　智力成果 intellectual property

　　著作权 copyright

　　版权 copyright

　　著作权人 copyright owner

　　创作 creation

　　作品 opus; product; work

　　著作人格权 right of personality of copyright

　　发表权 right of publication

　　署名权 right of authorship; right of paternity

　　修改权 right of modification; right of revision

　　完整性保持权 right to maintain integrity

　　不可侵犯权 inviolability

　　收回权 right of recall; right of retrieval

　　自费出版 publish a book at the author's own expense

　　著作财产权 property right in work

　　使用收益分享权 right to share usufruct

　　利用权 right to make use of

　　获得报酬权 right to get payment

　　重播权 right of rebroadcasting

　　录制权 right of fixation

　　机械复制权 right of mechanograph; right of mechanical reproduction

　　著作邻接权 neighboring right of copyright

　　剽窃 plagiary; plagiarism

　　盗版 pirate

　　盗版VCD pirated VCD

　　伪造 forge

　　工业产权 industrial property

　　专利权 patent right

　　优先权日 priority date

　　申请在先原则 prior application rule

　　使用在先 priority of use

　　新颖性 novelty

　　创造性 creativity

　　实用性 practicability

　　发明创造 invention and creation

　　实用新型 utility model

　　外观设计 design; industrial design

　　发明权 right of invention

　　发现权 right of discovery

　　专利申请 patent application

　　专利异议 objection to a patent

　　专利公告 patent gazette

　　专利续展费 renewal fee of patent

　　专利许可协议 patent licensing agreement

　　技术诀窍 know-how

　　专有技术 know-how

　　专利证书 certificate of patent

　　专利事务所 patent office

　　专利代理 patent agency

　　中华人民共和国专利局 Patent Office of the People's Republic of China

　　商标权 trademark right

　　商标国际注册 international registration of trademark

　　商品商标 commodity trademark

　　服务商标 service trademark

　　 reputed trademark

　　广告商标 advertisement trademark

　　近似商标 similar trademark

　　商标评审委员会 trade review and appraisal board

　　商标审查 trademark examination

　　商标侵权 trademark infringement

　　商标注册 registered trademark

　　商标公告 trademark gazette

　　注册商标使用许可 licensing of registered trademark

　　注册商标转让 assignment of registered trademark

　　商标使用许可协议 trademark licensing agreement

　　商标事务所 trademark office

　　商标代理 trademark agency

　　婚姻、家庭、继承、收养 marriage, family, inheritance, adoption

　　婚姻法 marital law; marriage law

　　包办婚姻 arranged marriage

　　财产分割 partition; dismemberment of property

　　重婚 bigamy

　　独生子女 only child

　　法律婚 legal marriage

　　非婚生子女 illegitimate child

　　夫妻共同财产 community property

　　夫妻关系 conjugal relationship

　　夫妻分居 divorce a mensa et thoro; divorce from bed and board

　　复婚 resumption of marriage

　　感情破裂 incompatibility

　　婚后财产公证 notarization of postnuptial properties

　　婚姻登记 marriage registration

　　婚生子女 ligitimate child

　　计划生育 birth control

　　结婚 marry

　　离婚 divorce

　　买卖婚姻 mercenary marriage

　　拟制血亲 blood relations in fiction of law

　　旁系血亲 collateral relation blood relation

　　涉外婚姻 marriage with foreign elements

　　配偶 spouse

　　事实婚 de facto marriage

　　诉讼离婚 divorce by litigation

　　探视权 visitation right

　　同居 cohabitation

　　晚婚 late marriage

　　无效婚姻 void marriage

　　协议离婚 divorce by agreement

　　一夫一妻制 monogamy

　　早婚 early marriage

　　直系血亲 lineal descent

　　自然血亲 natural blood relation

　　收养法 adoption law

　　收养协议 adoption agreement

　　收养人 adoptive parent

　　送养人 person or institution placing out a child for adoption

　　涉外收养 adoption with foreign elements

　　继承法 inheritance law; law of succession

　　法定继承 legal seccession

　　遗嘱继承 intestate succession

　　遗赠继承 succession by devise

　　自然继承 natural succession

　　代位继承 representation; succession by subrogation

　　世袭继承 hereditary succession

　　间接继承 indirect succession

　　转继承 subsuccession

　　共同继承 joint succession

　　单独继承 single succession

　　继承人 heir; successor

　　第二顺序继承人 successor second in order

　　顺序继承人 successor first in order

　　继承参与人 succession participant

　　遗产 inheritance; heritage

　　遗产继承人 heir to property; inheritor

　　遗言 last will and testament

　　遗书 last words

　　遗赠 bequest; legacy; devise

　　遗赠抚养协议 legacy-support ageement

　　美国法学院排名表

　　以下是2013~2014年度US News美国大学法学院排名：

　　1 Yale University耶鲁大学

　　2 Harvard University哈佛大学

　　2 Stanford University斯坦福大学

　　4 Columbia University哥伦比亚大学

　　4 The University of Chicago芝加哥大学

　　6 New York University(NYU)纽约大学

　　7 University of Pennsylvania宾夕法尼亚大学

　　7 University of Virginia弗吉尼亚大学

　　9 University of California -Berkeley加州大学伯克利分校

　　9 University of Michigan- Ann Arbor密西根大学安娜堡分校

　　11 Duke University杜克大学

　　12 Northwestern University西北大学

　　13 Cornell University康奈尔大学

　　14 Georgetown University乔治城大学

　　15 University of Texas-Austin德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校

　　15 Vanderbilt University范德堡大学

　　17 University of California -Los Angeles加州大学洛杉矶分校

　　18 University of Southern California南加州大学(Gould)

　　19 University of Minnesota- Twin Cities明尼苏达大学双城

　　19 Washington University in St. Louis圣路易斯华盛顿大学

　　21 The George Washington University乔治华盛顿大学

　　21 The University of Alabama阿拉巴马大学

　　23 Emory University埃默里大学

　　23 University of Notre Dame圣母大学

　　25 Indiana University-Bloomington印地安纳大学伯明顿分校(Maurer)

　　美国法学院毕业后，要参加美国各州的律师考试，美国各州律考规定不一样，但是都是由联邦律考，再加上各州分考组成的，一般集中在每年的二月与七月开始考试，拿到律师证之后，就开始进入律师界，JD毕业生一般都在美国当地就业，分地区不同，其心也不同，纽约华尔街的律师事务所起薪一般都在16万美元，其余的大城市一般都在10万美元，小城市一般都在7万美元上下;LLM毕业生一般选择回国，在国内律所或者跨国律所开始自己的生涯;SJD一般都是回中国高校，或者香港、新加坡高校法学院去任教。

　　以上就是给大家整理的法律英语词汇，更多托福资讯欢迎访问青岛新航道托福频道。

相关阅读：

美国节日表  

哈佛大学申请条件      

近几年热门专业 

toefl考试地点      

obama开学演讲