英语中,有些动词既能直接带不定式,又能直接带-ing分词作宾语。那么它们意义以及用法相同吗?如果不同,它们又有何区别?又有哪些动词具有如此“兼容并蓄”的强大特性?
一、能带不定式和-ing分词而意义无甚区别的动词:
attempt,begin, can't bear, continue, deserve, dread, hate, intend, like, loathe, love, need, neglect, omit, plan, prefer, require, start等动词后面既能用不定式也能直接带-ing分词,基本意义无甚区别,但也有一些不尽相同的地方:
1. 在begin, continue, can't bear, cease, dread, like, love, neglect, omit, prefer, propose, start等动词后:-ing分词表示一般行为;不定式表示特定的或具体的动作
He can't bear living alone. 他难以忍受独居。
I can't bear to live without my parents. 我受不了离开父母生活。
I don't like reading novels. 我不爱读小说。
It is hot today, and I like to swim. 今天天气热,我想游泳去。
2. 在need, want, require, deserve等动词后:-ing分词的主动形式表示被动意义,相当于不定式的被动态。
These clothes need washing.
=These clothes need to be washed. 这些衣服需要洗洗了。
3. begin和start后的静态动词只能是不定式的形式:
I began to believe his words. 我开始相信他的话了。
4. begin和start用于进行时态时,其后只能用不定式:
It is beginning to snow. 天开始下雪了。
二、能带不定式和-ing分词而意义不同的动词
在forget, go on, leave off, mean, regret, remember, stop等动词后既能带不定式也能带-ing分词,但意义不同。这类动词主要有:
1. forget/ remember doing:忘记/ 记得做过某事(表示动作发生在“忘记”、“记得”之前)
forget/ remember to do:忘记、记得要去做某事(表示动作发生在“忘记”、“记得”之后)
I forgot to do my homework because I was so busy. 我太忙了,忘记要做家庭作业了。
I forget having finished my homework. 我忘了我已经做完作业了。
2. go on, leave off,stop 后,-ing分词作宾语,不定式则作目的状语:
stop doing sth停下所做的某事
stop to do sth停下去做另一件事
You had better stop crying now. 你现在别再哭了。
You had better stop to do your homework. 你停下来,去做家庭作业。
3. try, mean, can't help:根据其本身意义判断其后跟动词是什么形式
try to do sth 努力做某事
try doing sth 试着做某事
mean to do 打算做某事
mean doing sth 意味着做某事
因此,由上我们可以得出,虽然有些动词既能跟-ing分词,也能带不定式,但我们却需要根据情境、意义来判断和区分,做到具体问题具体分析,具体动词具体分析。
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