C10-T3-R3
1. 题干：A 3,000-year-oldburial ground of a seafaring people called the Lapita
has been found on an abandoned 27on the Pacific
island of Efate.（C10-T3-R3 T27）
原文：An agricultural worker, digging in the grounds of a derelict plantation,
scraped open a grave-the first dozens in a burial ground some 3,000 years
old.
同义替换：
3,000-year-old --- 3,000 years old
Burial ground --- a burial ground
Abandoned --- derelict
 
2. 题干：The cemetery, which is a significant 28, was uncovered
accidentally by an agricultural worker.（C10-T3-R3 T28）
原文：An important archaeological discovery on the island of Efate in the
Pacific archipelago of Vanuatu has revealed traces of an ancient seafaring
people, the distant ancestors of today’s Polynesians. The site came to light
only by chance. An agricultural worker, ……
同义替换：
Significant --- important
Uncovered --- revealed
Accidentally --- by chance
An agricultural worker --- an agricultural worker
 
3. 题干：They took many things with them on their voyages including29
and tools.（C10-T3-R3 T29）
原文：They were also pioneers who carried with them everything they would
need to build new lives-their livestock, taro seedlings and stone tools.
同义替换：
Took --- carried
Many things --- everything
Tools --- stone tools
 
3. 题干：Spriggs believes the 30which wasfound at the site is
very important since it confirms that the 31found inside
are Lapita.（C10-T3-R3 T30）
原文： Other items included a Lapita burial urn with modelled birds
arranged on the rim as though peering down at the human remains sealed
inside. ‘It's an important discovery’, says Matthew Spriggs,……
同义替换：
Spriggs --- Spriggs
Found --- discovery
Was --- a
 
5. 题干：Spriggs believes the 30which was found at the site is
very important since it confirms that the 31found inside
are Lapita.（C10-T3-R3 T31）
原文： ‘It's an important discovery’, says Matthew Spriggs, professor of
archaeology at the Australian National University and head of the
international team digging up the site, ‘for it conclusively identifies the
remains as Lapita.’
同义替换：
Spriggs --- Spriggs
Was found --- digging up
At the site --- the site
Confirms --- identifies
 
6. 题干：According to the writer, there are difficulties explaining how the
Lapita accomplished their journeys because little information relating to his
period can be relied upon for accuracy.（C10-T3-R3 T32）
原文：No-one has found one of their canoes or any rigging, which could
reveal how the canoes were sailed. Nor do the oral histories and traditions
of later Polynesians offer any insights, for they turn into myths long before
they reach as far back in time as the Lapita.
同义替换：
Explaining --- found / reveal / offer any insights
How…accomplished their journeys --- how the canoes were sailed
Because --- for
Little information --- turn into myths
Period --- time
 
7. 题干：According to the sixth paragraph, what was extraordinary about the
Lapita? They sailed beyond the point where land was visible.
（C10-T3-R3 T33）
原文：The real adventure didn’t begin, however, until their Lapita
descendants sailed out of sight of land, with empty horizons on every side.
…… Certainly it distinguished them from their ancestors, ……
同义替换：
Extraordinary --- distinguished them from
Beyond the point where land was visible --- out of sight of land
 
8. 题干：What does ‘This’ refer to in the seventh paragraph? the Lapita’s
belief they would be able to return home.（C10-T3-R3 T34）
原文：They could sail out for days into the unknown and assess the area,
secure in the knowledge that if they didn’t find anything, they could turn
about and catch a swift ride back on the trade winds. This is what would
have made the whole thing work.’.
同义替换：
This --- This
Belief --- secure in the knowledge
Be able to --- could
Return home --- ride back
 
9. 题干：According to the eighth paragraph, how was the geography of the
region significant? It provided a navigational aid for the Lapita.（C10-T3-R3
T35）
原文：For returning explorers, successful or not, the geography of their own
archipelagos would have provided a safety net.
同义替换：
Geography --- geography
Provided --- provided
A navigational aid --- a safety net
 
10.题干：It is now clear that the Lapita could sail into a prevailing wind.
（C10-T3-R3 T36）
原文：……：the Lapita had mastered the advanced art of sailing against the
wind. ‘And there’s no proof they could do any such thing,’Anderson says.
同义替换：
Clear --- no proof
Could --- mastered the advanced art / could
Artificial objects --- technical objects
Sail --- sailing / do
Into a prevailing wind --- against the wind /any such thing
 
11.题干：Extreme climate conditions may have played a role in Lapita
migration. （C10-T3-R3 T37）
原文：El Nino, the same climate disruption that affects the Pacific today,
may have helped scatter the Lapita, Anderson suggests. He points out that
climate data obtained from slow-growing corals around the Pacific indicate
a series of unusually frequent El Niño’s around the time of the Lapita
expansion.
同义替换：
Extreme climate conditions --- El Nino / climate disruption / El Niño’s
Played a role --- affects / indicate
Lapitamigration --- scatter the Lapita / Lapita expansion
 
    12. 题干：The Lapita learnt to predict the duration of El Ninos.（C10-T3-R3-T38）
原文：By reversing the regular east-to-west flow of the trade windsfor
weeks at a time, these ‘super El Niño’s’ might have taken the Lapita on
long unplanned voyages.
同义替换：
Learnt to predict --- reversing……forweeks at a time
Duration --- regular east-to-west flow of the trade winds
El Ninos --- super El Niño’s
 
13.题干：It remains unclear why the Lapita halted their expansion across the
Pacific.（C10-T3-R3 T39）
原文：However they did it, the Lapita spread themselves a third of the way
across the Pacific, then called it quits for reasons known only to them.
同义替换：
Remains unclear --- known only to them
Why --- reasons
Halted --- quits
Across the Pacific --- across the Pacific
 
14.题干：It is likely that the majority of Lapita settled on Fiji.（C10-T3-R3 T39）
原文：They probably never numbered more than a few thousand in total,
and in their rapid migration eastward they encountered hundreds of
islands-more than 300 in Fiji alone.
Likely --- probably
Fiji --- Fiji alone