单边论证的方法

　　雅思写作若是采用单边论证最主要的提问方式就是Do you agree or disagree?和 What is your opinion?

　　而通常这两类问题所对应的文章可以用以下的五段论结构来完成：

　　引言段(introduction)提出观点，正文(body)三段通过三个理由来对观点进行论证，结尾段(conclusion)重申一下自己的观点。

　　因为此种结构只对自己支持的观点进行论证，因此叫单边论证，可以用下图来表示：

　　Introduction

　　Background+My Opinion

　　Body:

　　1.Reason One + Supportiong Sentences(ss表示)

　　2.Reason Two + SS

　　3.Reason Three + SS

　　Conclusion:

　　Restatement of My Opinion

　　上述结构中的supporting sentences在议论文中的体现方式是一些论证方法，如举例子(exemplification)，对比对照(contrast& comparison)，列数据(raising figures)，让步(making concession)等来对自己支持的观点进行论证，使考官信服。但是单边论证的缺点，就中国学生而言，是较难扩展论证过程，而且像讲道理、举例子等论证方法必须正确使用，显示其逻辑性才能得到高分。

　　下面一起来看一道例题，真题链接：In some countries, government encourages industries and business to move from large cities to regional areas. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this policy?

　　以上是作文题库中的考试真题，相信大家都已经非常熟悉了。我们就一起结合此题，对单边结构的整体文章结构和遣词造句做一个简单的对比。 引言段是通篇作文的开篇之作，对于它的写法多种多样。但是无论怎样书写，切忌出现以下模式性的语句样式：

　　Nowadays, the relocation of industries and business has become a public focus on which people retain different views. Personally, I am favor of the opinion that we should move the industries and business to regional areas. The reasons can be listed in the following three aspects.

　　让步分析

　　Admittedly, when industry and commercial regions are established in large cities, the profits of enterprises could be maximized. Due to the sufficient human resource, advanced technology and complete infrastructure, urban areas are always regarded as a dream land for economic development. Apart from the positive effects the location exerts on the development of companies, the contribution of taxes to the government is another reason why those industries are originally built in cities.

　　单边结构并不总是一条道走到黑，可以先让步分析题目中的背景信息，这样可以为观点的论证提供很好的铺垫，当提出观点的时候就不会很突兀，会显得更加“底气十足”。

　　转折过渡

　　However, nothing is without its costs. The flourishment of economy also brings a more crowded environment, soaring crime rate and the heavy burden of resources in cities, which arouses a dramatic conflict between different fields. What’s more, it leads to the unbalanced regional development. And the gap between cities and rural areas is continuously sharpened.

　　但是单边结构毕竟是要明确地提出一个中心论点，才不会偏离文章的主旨，所以在这篇文章中，这个时候转折就显得相当重要。

　　提出观点

　　Obviously, promoting the relocation of business and industries is a wise decision to ease the pressure of cities as well as facilitate the economic development in regional areas. The city will naturally be freed from the overcrowdedness and serious pollution. More importantly, those regional areas which are chosen as the new places for industries and commercial activities could gain an advantageous position in the rapid growth of local economy. People there may not pour into cities to pursue their goals, which could lead to the deterioration of both urban and rural environment.

　　有了前面的铺垫，这时候的观点提出就非常顺畅了，不需要费尽口舌说服读者来“买你的帐”。笔者认为，只有铺垫充足，观点的提出才更像是一种必然。

　　结尾段

　　模板语言：

　　In conclusion, the change of location for both industry and business is based on extensive consideration, apparently, this policy could make the all-direction and sustainable development of a country a possibility. (自然流露观点倾向)。

　　以上就是给大家整理的单边论证的方法，更多精彩欢迎访问青岛新航道雅思频道。

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