1.过去分词——用作定语
A.用作前置定语(过去分词用作前置定语，类似于形容词，表示事物的性质和特点，当然也具有被动和完成之意。)
例如：
an unexpected ending(出乎意料的)
a developed country(发达的)
a hand-made table(手工制作的)
B.用作后置定语(通常表示动作=定语从句的省略，重点!!!)
a problem left over by history =a problem(which was ) left over by history
enterprises owned by the states=enterprises( which are ) owned by the states
fibers made by man=fibers(which are ) made by man
2.过去分词——用作表语(表示名词主语的性质特征，现在已被认可为形容词)(了解即可)
例如：
She looked so disappointed after receiving the bad news
My grandfather was excited every time he saw me.
3.过去分词——用作补语
例如：
She felt his eyes dazzled by the bright light.(宾补)
She was found greatly changed.(主补)
On these questions we have made our views known.(宾补)
Our monitor always keeps us informed of the latest news.(宾补)
4.过去分词——用作状语(在多数情况下=状语从句的省略，重点!!!)
例如：
Filled with excitement，this movie is more than one about love.(原因状语)
=(As it is) filled with excitement，this movie is more than one about love.
【译文】这部影片很激动人心，不只是一部爱情片。
Exhausted，the students fell asleep at once.(原因状语)
=(As they were) exhausted，the students fell asleep at once.
【译文】由于疲惫至极，学生们躺下就睡着了。
Heated，water changes into steam.(时间或条件状语)
=(If/When it is) heated，water changes into steam.
【译文】水一经加热，就会变成蒸气。
United，we stand; divided，we fall.(时间或条件状语)
=(If/When we are) united，we stand; (if/when we are) divided,we fall.
【译文】合，则胜利;分，则失败。
Defeated，they remained popular soccer players.(让步状语)
=(Although they were) defeated，they remained popular soccer players
【译文】尽管比赛失利，他们仍然是受欢迎的足球运动员。
Cursed，he kept on working without complaining.(让步状语)
=(Although he was) cursed，he kept on working without complaining.
【译文】尽管被骂了一通，他仍然毫无怨言地继续工作。
注：过去分词作状语时，也可以根据其逻辑意思通过关系连词来引导，如when, where, though，although，as if，once，unless，until，as 等。
例如：
The book looks very nice when printed . (= when the book is printed)
【译文】这本书印刷出来后，看上去很漂亮。
As expected，he arrived punctually. ( = As it is expected，it 指代逗号后面主句内容)
【译文】正如预料的那样，他准时到达。
Even if forgiven，l still owe him an apology. (= Even if I am forgiven)
【译文】即使被原谅，我也应该向他道歉。
Once published，the novel caused a sensation among the readers. ( = Once it was published，it指代主句的主语the novel)
【译文】这部小说一出版，就在读者当中引起了轰动。
