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　　阅读文本中，每一句话都是一粒珍珠，而逻辑关系词就是穿起粒粒珍珠的线。在托福阅读的学习过程中，很多同学，由于之前接触的正宗英文原版阅读资料较少，缺乏教师手把手的文本分析，往往发现单词都认识了文章还是晕晕乎乎的读不透。该问题的症结即在于逻辑关系词的把握与运用不熟练。事实上，如能灵活利用上下文的逻辑关系词，文中简单几句话就透露整个段落的内容，而关系词运用好了则能帮助你划分好段落区间(相当于答案范围)，甚至帮助你圈定答案。

　　比如，TPO 7 – Ancient Rome and Greece 中第四段

　　Modern attitudes to Roman civilization range from the infinitely impressed to the thoroughly disgusted. As always, there are the power worshippers, especially among historians, who are predisposed to admire whatever is strong, who feel more attracted to the might of Rome than to the subtlety of Greece. At the same time, there is a solid body of opinion that dislikes Rome. For many, Rome is at best the imitator and the continuator of Greece on a larger scale. Greek civilization had quality; Rome, mere quantity. Greece was original; Rome, derivative. Greece had style; Rome had money. Greece was the inventor; Rome, the research and development division. Such indeed was the opinion of some of the more intellectual Romans. “Had the Greeks held novelty in such disdain as we,” asked Horace in his epistle, “what work of ancient date would now exist?”

　　很多同学，尤其是高中生，面对一个较长的段落容易只见树木不见森林，只看到了各个不会的单词和长难句。实际上，阅读中任何一个段落，只要抓住首二末一和中间逻辑词，都能将整个段落主要内容抓个大概。我们拿这个段落来详细讲一下。比如这个段落，首句的主语就告诉我们这个段落要讲 “Modern attitudes to Roman civilization”，就是现代人对罗马文明的态度。 “attitudes”使用了复数，告诉我们该段可能要讲不止一个态度。果然，首句的谓语部分就讲“range from the infinitely impressed to the thoroughly disgusted”,即，“既有深受打动与感染的，又有感到厌恶的”。这一句就基本上对下面整个内容做出了规划。果然，第二句就讲“power worshippers, who …admire whatever is strong,… feel more attracted to the might of Rome…”,即权利崇拜者更喜欢罗马，也就是句中所讲的“impressed”。第三句话出现关系词“At the same time,”所以，按照我上面所说“抓住首二末一和中间逻辑词”，这句话也必须读。这句话的意思是“同时，有大批人不喜欢罗马”。一个dislike，验证了段首句中的“disgusted”。也意味着下面的内容要讲不喜欢罗马了。该句读完，往下面内容一扫，发现在没有别的逻辑词了，尤其是没有转折之类的词，则意味着该段剩余内容全部为“dislike”。那么这一段的主要内容便抓住了，也就是句的意思，讲了现代人对罗马文明的两种态度。没有其他补充或延伸内容。这样，该段之下大大小小的题就都很好做了，尤其是这么抓住段落大意和段落结构之后，第10题这样的难题也变得好蒙答案了。我们看第10题：

　　10. According to paragraph 4, intellectual Romans such as Horace held which of the following opinions about their civilization?

　　○Ancient works of Greece held little value in the Roman world.

　　○The Greek civilization had been surpassed by the Romans.

　　○Roman civilization produced little that was original or memorable.

　　○Romans valued certain types of innovations that had been ignored by ancient Greeks.

　　该题问Horace之类的罗马人对自己文明的态度。定位至最后一句话，很多同学傻眼了，该句话的语法偏难，运用了虚拟倒装和hold A in B这个搭配，很多同学压根读不懂。但是，如果善于运用关系词的同学就能很快选出答案。原因就在于，最后一句话属于“At the same time…”这个逻辑之内，再没出现新逻辑，则该句话应该也是属于dislike Rome的态度。根据这个判断，我们能发现，四个选项中只有C选项是dislike Rome的。进而做出选择。

　　由此可见，托福阅读中灵活运用逻辑关系词能帮助我们快速了解段落大意和做出准确答案选择。所以，在平时的学习中，经常做做关系词的文本分析，熟练掌握各类逻辑词的使用，无论对于提高我们的英文阅读能力，还是真正提高分数，都至关重要。以下摘取阅读中的部分重要逻辑关系词供同学们参考。

　　¢ 因果

　　¢ 显性因果: because, because of, since, for, as, due to, owing to, in that,

　　¢ so, so that, as a result, therefore, thereby, hence, consequently, accordingly.

　　此外，隐性因果逻辑：

　　¢ a. 表示导致含义: lead to, cause, result, result in, give rise to, render, produce, make, support, stimulate, spur, spark, fuel, motivate, prompt.

　　¢ b. 由……而来: come from, result from, originate, derive from, stem from, be responsive to.

　　¢ c. 反映,体现: reflect, present, suggest, show, imply, demonstrate.

　　¢ d. 考虑到…, 依赖…: give, considering, on account of, in view of, thanks to, according to, rely on, depend on

　　¢ e. 条件关系: if, when, while, as, as soon as

　　¢ f. 介词：by，from

　　¢ 对比转折关系

　　— 对比：while, whereas, on the other hand

　　— 转折关系: but, although, despite, in spite of, nevertheless, nonetheless ,notwithstanding, however等。

　　后记：

　　阅读中其他重要的逻辑关系词还有很多，同学们在准备阅读的过程中除了背单词与做题以外，不妨自己也有意识地积累一下，对于提高自己的能力及提高分数都会大有裨益。

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