晋级！不单靠神鬼莫测的阵型

　　要说世界上水平的足球比赛,非四年一次的世界杯莫属。每当这个伟大的时刻到来,全世界人民都为之疯狂。新航道托福频道为各位考生整理了晋级！不单靠神鬼莫测的阵型，帮助考生们在看球的同时学到更多的英语知识，更多托福辅导请继续关注新航道托福频道。

　　Much has been made of the current trends for a 3-5-2 formation and the problems it can cause for the opposition. But there is nothing new in this line-up.

　　As far as formations go, nothing is new. You cannot reinvent the wheel, even if certain coaches, a little too full of themselves, believe that they can. History tells us, however, that everything goes in cycles.

　　据《每日电讯报》报道：在比赛中运用3-5-2阵型已经成了当前流行的一种趋势。此阵型给对手造成了一定的麻烦。但就阵型的变化而言，无任何新的亮点。即使是某些教练，也无法彻底改造已有的阵型，有些教练太狂妄自大，相信他们可以做到，但是历史事实告诉我们，一切事物都必须沿着发展周期的轨迹发展。

　　What is regarded as old-fashioned now will one day make a comeback.

　　Over the last few years, for instance, we have grown accustomed to believing that 4-4-2 is dead, that you cannot afford to play this system any more against teams who overload and hence dominate the all-important middle ground.

　　那些被认为是已经过时的阵型，总有一天还会回来的。在过去的几年中 ，例如，我们已经习惯性地认为4-4-2阵型已经成为过去，想玩这套阵型，恐怕你都玩不起，该阵型对中场球员的体力要求比较大，能力要求全面，有时会顾此失彼，因此一定要控制住中场。

　　By the same token, the 3-5-2 shape used so successfully in this World Cup went through a period of virtual neglect. Very few countries opted for this shape, much preferring a variation of 4-3-3.

　　同样的3-5-2阵型在本届世界杯上运用的非常的成功，引起了各球队的重视。在过去，很少有国家选择了这种阵型，更多的还是偏爱4-3-3阵型的变体阵型。

　　Just look at the formations in South Africa. Neither Mexico nor Chile, effective exponents of 3-5-2 in Brazil, used this four years ago. Like almost everyone else in that tournament, they usually went with a back four.

　　回顾一下南非世界杯上各队的阵型，墨西哥和智利两队(巴西世界杯3-5-2阵型的有力倡导者)四年前都没用这套阵型。几乎所有的球队在比赛中都用四个后卫。

　　So why has the so-called sweeper system made a return? And why, for that matter, was it discarded? The answer to the latter question is easy to answer. With so many teams playing only one up front, the extra man in central defence was seen as unnecessary. Three marking one makes no sense at all, inevitably creating a shortfall elsewhere on the pitch.

　　所以，为什么这套所谓的清道夫战术系统又再次回归了? 为什么这套战术系统在过去会遭到抛弃?

　　后一个问题很容易回答。这么多支球队锋线上只放一位前锋，其他在中场防守的球员都会显得很多余。三个人盯防一个人，一点意义都没有。不可避免地给阵型带来漏洞和缺口。

　　Mind you, it is not as if that situation has significantly changed.

　　请注意，这并不意味着某种情况已显著改变了。(单前锋的阵型开始淡出人们的视线)

　　Many teams in Brazil still use a lone striker, with one supporting from just behind. The difference now is that several coaches have found that 3-5-2 not only suits the players available, it asks awkward questions of, say, a 4-2-3-1.

　　本届世界杯，许多球队，仍在使用单前锋。现在与过去有所不同，教练们发现，3-5-2阵型不仅适合于各个球员，还解决了4-2-3-1阵型的问题。

　　It is the free-running wing-backs who create the problem. How does a different system handle that threat? Do the opposing wide men track those wing-backs or do they leave that job to their full-backs and push on instead to attack the centre-halves?

　　问题大多出在边后卫身上。不同的阵型战术系统该如何处理这种问题?对方的大个紧盯边后卫还是他们将任务交给自己球队的边后卫，或者推行进攻型后卫?

　　As an illustration of the problem, look how much room someone such as Júnior Díaz has enjoyed for Costa Rica, often galloping unmarked up the left flank to swing in dangerous crosses. Likewise, Paul Aguilar found lots of space on Mexico’s right.

　　看看哥斯达黎加的边后卫，伊辛尼奥，为球队创造了多少机会，经常飞驰的无人盯防的左路，传出非常有威胁的传中。

　　Yet the position with Holland looks slightly different. In ditching the country’s much-loved and traditional 4-3-3, Louis van Gaal changed to 3-5-2 as a way of releasing his best players. In the new set-up, Arjen Robben could be used down the middle as a partner for Robin van Persie. With Wesley Sneijder just behind, it has made the very most of the Oranje’s resources.

　　同样地，阿吉拉尔在墨西哥的右翼也能找到很大的活动空间。 然而，荷兰的阵型站位看起来略有不同。放弃了传统的4-3-3阵型，范加尔改踢3-5-2阵型，来释放他的球员。在新的阵型上，罗本和范佩西可以从中间向两边活动，斯内德殿后，战术阵型的调整使荷兰队充分地发挥出了自己能力。

　　Brendan Rodgers did something similar at Liverpool, switching to three at the back last season as a way of playing Luis Suárez and Daniel Sturridge in their best positions, together through the middle.

　　利物浦主教练，布兰登·罗杰斯也做了类似的事情。上个赛季改踢三后卫，让苏亚雷斯和斯图里奇踢最擅长的位置，放中路，适时从中间向两边突破。

　　Rodgers was not alone either, though for differing reasons. Hull City, Sunderland, Fulham, Aston Villa and Norwich City all had a go at times with this formation in their efforts to both stop leaking goals and create a better attacking threat.

　　改用这种阵型的并不只是布兰登·罗杰斯一个人，尽管各个教练想法不同，目的不同，赫尔城、桑德兰、富勒姆、阿斯顿维拉和诺维奇城等英超俱乐部，都采用这个阵型，来创造更有威胁的进攻。

　　But to do this successfully you need the right players and, in Brazil, most of the managers opting for this system have been able to select from a very capable crowd. Van Gaal, for instance, is fortunate to have versatile players such as like Daley Blind, who can perform a number of roles. Central defender, wing-back, midfielder – Blind has played there in this World Cup.

　　但是运用此阵型想要获得成功，就必须要有合适的球员，在巴西联赛，大部分教练，都敢选择这个阵型，因为他们人才济济。

　　例如，范加尔就很幸运拥有一批很有天赋的球员，像戴利·布林德，他一个人就可以踢多个位置，中后卫，边后卫，中场都可以踢，给全队阵型的轮换和战术的调整带来了方便。

　　We have seen it all, too, over the years. Formations come and go. When all is said and done, players make the difference. The quarter-finals will doubtless prove that.

　　我们也可以看到，过去的几年里，足球界的阵型变幻莫测。但是阵型是死的，赢球的根本还是得取决于球员的发挥和表现。四分之一决赛会证明这一事实。

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